Hindi alphabet called varnamala, The Hindi varnamala has almost 44 charactors, 11 vowels and 33 consonants except them 3 are ayogavah and 4 are mixed consonats and 2 are roflexed consonants and 5 are foreign consonants (borrowed sounds) and it makes almost 53 chrachtors in Hindi alphabet. The VarnaMala is in two parts 1. स्वर (svar) which is Vowels 2. व्यंजन (vyanjan) which is Consonants in English. We’ll discuss here about Vowel.
स्वर Vowels
स्वर: 11 types of vowels are in Hindi. but one more fore nasal sound, one for glottal and one for to clerify english “o” sound.
1. अ, 2. आ, 3. इ, 4. ई, 5. उ, 6. ऊ, 7. ए, 8. ऐ, 9. ओ, 10. औ, 11. ऋ,
But also three vowels used in Hindi called अयोगवाह (ayogavah)...
1. अं, (ng) Called अनुस्वार (ansvar) use to make nasal sound for Hindi words ex. अंगद (angad), aslo used ँ चन्द्रबिन्दु (chandrabind/u) called अनुनासिक (Anunasik) its used for Urdu word wich makes nasal mixed mouth sounds ex. चाँद (chand) Moon.2. अ:, (aha) It called विसर्ग (visarg) used with sanskirit words ex. अतः (atah) and.3. ऑ, (O) It called आगत स्वर (aagat svar) used with english words ex. डॉक्टर (docter)
According to pronunciation these vowels are also divided into three forms.
ह्रस्व स्वर (hrasva svar) short sound, these are 4.अ, इ, उ, ऋ,दीर्घ स्वर (deergh svar) it makes long sound, these are 7.आ, ई, ऊ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ,प्लुत स्वर (plut svar) it makse more long sound. used for sanskirit wors. its symbol is "ऽ"ओऽम, ॐ, (Om)
Vowels can write in two forms 1. Independent and 2. Dependent. its depndent form called मात्रा (matra) which used with Consonts.
Independent form Dependent form used with कअ a no matra क kaआ aa ा का kaaइ i ि कि kiई ee ी की keeउ u ु कु kuऊ oo ू कू kooए e े के keऐ ai ै कै kaiओ o ो को koऔ au ौ कौ kauऋ ri ृ कृ kriअं ng ं ँ कं kngअ: aha ः कः kahऑ o ॉ ॅ कॅ कॉ ko
